RESUMO
Endemic medicinal plants that grow at altitudes in northern Chile have been traditionally used for therapeutic applications by Aymara doctors. Several studies have analyzed the biological properties of these plants for therapeutic purposes. The aim was to characterize at molecular and biochemical levels the bacteria that live in the rhizosphere and roots from endemic medicinal plants that grow between 3681-5104 m.a.s.l. in the province of Parinacota. Thirty-nine bacteria were isolated from nine medicinal plants under our laboratory conditions. These bacteria were characterized by Gram stain, hydrolase production, plant-growth promotion, anti-fungal and antibacterial activities, and 16S rDNA sequencing. A phylogenetic study revealed the presence of three major phyla, Actinomycetota (46.2%), Bacillota (43.6%), and Pseudomonadota (10.3%). The rhizobacteria strains associated with the Aymara medicinal plant exhibited several interesting biological activities, such as hydrolytic enzymes, plant-growth-promoting traits, and antibacterial and antifungal properties, indicating their potential for developing new bio-based products for agricultural or clinical applications. These results are promising and highlight the need to point toward the search for explanations of the bio-molecular basis of the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants.
RESUMO
Gambusia holbrooki es el pez de agua dulce con mayor distribución en Chile y el mundo, pero los estudios que abordan la morfología e histología hepática del pez son escasos. El hígado es utilizado para evidenciar efectos subletales de contaminantes ambientales y es preciso contar con una descripción histomorfológica del hígado para futuros estudios comparativos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir patrones histomorfológicos del hígado de Gambusia holbrooki, para ello se colectaron 97 individuos adultos de los sistemas límnicos de los valles de Lluta y Azapa (Extremo norte de Chile), para observar patrones morfológicos comunes en ambas poblaciones, se utilizó técnicas histológicas de rutina e histoquímica. Las evidencias demostraron que el hígado contiene tejido pancreático y su arquitectura tisular es trabecular con mayor presencia de capilares sinusoides.
Gambusia holbrooki is the freshwater fish with the greatest distribution in Chile and the world. However, studies dealing with morphology and liver histology of fish are scarce. The liver commonly shows the sublethal effects of environmental pollutants and there should be a histomorphological description of the liver for further comparative studies. The present study aims to describe histomorphological patterns of the liver of Gambusia holbrooki. A total of 97 adult individual specimens were collected from the ecosystems in the valleys of Lluta and Azapa (Region of Arica and Parinacota), to observe patterns morphologically common in both populations. Routine histological and histochemical techniques were used for analysis. The evidence showed that the liver contains pancreatic tissue, and that tissue architecture is trabecular with greater presence of capillary sinusoids.
